IRONY
i‧ro‧ny1  /ˈaɪrəni, ˈaɪər-/ Pronunciation Key - –noun, plural -nies.

1. the use of words to convey a meaning that is the opposite of its literal meaning: the irony of her reply, “How nice!” when I said I had to work all weekend.
2. a technique of indicating, as through character or plot development, an intention or attitude opposite to that which is actually or ostensibly stated.
3. (esp. in contemporary writing) a manner of organizing a work so as to give full expression to contradictory or complementary impulses, attitudes, etc., esp. as a means of indicating detachment from a subject, theme, or emotion.
   
   

SYLLABIC

syl ‧lab‧ic  /sɪˈlæbɪk/ Pronunciation Key  –adjective

1. of, pertaining to, or consisting of a syllable or syllables.
2. pronounced with careful distinction of syllables.
3. of, pertaining to, or noting poetry based on a specific number of syllables, as distinguished from poetry depending on stresses or quantities.
4. (of chanting) having each syllable sung to one note only.

Phonetics.
(of a consonant) forming a syllable by itself, as the (n) in button
(of a vowel) dominating the other sounds in a syllable; sonantal. /
–noun
Phonetics. a syllabic sound.

OXYMORON

ox‧y‧mo‧ron  /ˌɒksɪˈmɔrɒn, -ˈmoʊr-/ Pronunciation Key -–noun, plural

a figure of speech by which a locution produces an incongruous, seemingly self-contradictory effect, as in “cruel kindness” or “to make haste slowly.”

[Origin: 1650–60; < LL oxymorum < presumed Gk *oxýmōron, neut. of *oxýmōros sharp-dull, equiv. to oxý(s) sharp (see oxy-1) + mōrós dull (see moron)]

—Related forms

SIMILIE

sim‧i‧le  /ˈsɪməli/ Pronunciation Key -

–noun

1. a figure of speech in which two unlike things are explicitly compared, as in “she is like a rose.”
2. an instance of such a figure of speech or a use of words exemplifying it.
   Origin: 1350–1400]
   
   

INTERTEXTUALITY

in·ter·tex·tu·al (ntr-tksch-l)  adj.
Relating to or deriving meaning from the interdependent ways in which texts stand in relation to each other.

SYLLOGISM 

syl‧lo‧gism  /ˈsɪləˌdʒɪzəm/ Pronunciation Key - –noun

1. Logic. an argument the conclusion of which is supported by two premises, of which one (major premise) contains the term (major term) that is the predicate of the conclusion, and the other (minor premise) contains the term (minor term) that is the subject of the conclusion; common to both premises is a term (middle term) that is excluded from the conclusion. A typical form is “All A is C; all B is A; therefore all B is C.”
2. deductive reasoning.
3. an extremely subtle, sophisticated, or deceptive argument.
   [Origin: 1350–1400]

 

LOGICAL FALLACY

In philosophy, the term logical fallacy properly refers to a formal fallacy : a flaw in the structure of a deductive argument which renders the argument invalid. However, it is often used more generally in informal discourse to mean an argument which is problematic for any reason, and thus encompasses informal fallacies – valid but unsound claims or bad nondeductive argumentation – as well as formal fallacies.